Scientists and medical authorities agree that HIV does not survive well in the environment, making the possibility of
environmental transmission remote. HIV is found in varying
concentrations or amounts in blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk,
saliva, and tears. (See below, Saliva, Tears, and Sweat.) In order to
obtain data on the survival of HIV, laboratory studies have required
the use of artificially high concentrations of laboratory-grown virus.
Although these unnatural concentrations of HIV can be kept alive under
precisely controlled and limited laboratory conditions, CDC studies
have showned that drying of even these high concentrations of HIV
reduces the number of infectious viruses by 90 to 99 percent within
several hours. Since the HIV concentrations used in laboratory studies
are much higher than those actually found in blood or other specimens,
drying of HIV- infected human blood or other body fluids reduces the theoretical risk of environmental transmission to that which has been observed--essentially zero.

Incorrect interpretation of conclusions drawn from laboratory studies have alarmed people unnecessarily. Results from laboratory studies should not be used to
determine specific personal risk of infection because 1) the amount of
virus studied is not found in human specimens or anyplace else in
nature, and 2) no one has been identified with HIV due to contact with
an environmental surface; Additionally, since HIV is unable to
reproduce outside its living host (unlike many bacteria or fungi, which
may do so under suitable conditions), except under laboratory
conditions, it does not spread or maintain infectiousness outside its host.

HIV is sensitive to fluctuations in
temperature and the presence of oxygen. One place that HIV has been know to survive in is drug injection syringes since these are airtight and often contain blood from the injector.

Keep in mind that while HIV infection from infectious bodily fluids outside the human body is essentially zero, other diseases like hepatitis B and C can and do occur. Therefore, any blood or bodily
fluid outside the body should be considered a health risk and cleaned
up using universal precautions and cleaning fluids that are known to kill viruses on contact.

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